The publication is a modern, comprehensive guide to bioethics - a new field of theoretical reflection and social practice dealing with ethical aspects of biomedical sciences in the context of their socio-cultural, economic and legal conditions. Thirty prominent Polish philosophers, ethicists, lawyers and physicians who have been dealing with bioethical issues for years and have had a significant impact on the shape of the national bioethical debate participated in the preparation of the study. The book presents the most important ethical problems that arise in contemporary clinical and research practice and in the process of creating and implementing health policy. The authors explain their genesis and complex, multidimensional nature in an accessible manner. They provide an understanding of the basic concepts, values, principles and arguments that arise in bioethical discussions. They show the diversity of views and styles of practising bioethics. The study is primarily intended for medical professionals, in particular doctors, nurses and midwives and physiotherapists. It can be used by students of medical universities as part of medical ethics and bioethics classes, as well as by public health specialists, health care managers, sociologists and anthropologists of medicine, lawyers and other professionals interested in bioethical issues. The book should be consulted by anyone wishing to better understand the ethical dilemmas raised by modern medicine.